“The King’s Speech” – Beyond the Red Carpet

colin firth, stuttering, kings speech, oscar award“The King’s Speech” is officially the Oscar winner for this year’s best film, but what I love most about the movie is its effect on people who stutter.

“The King’s Speech” is a catalyst for bringing stuttering out in the open. A few weeks ago, I was sitting in a crowd of people who, with the exception of a few, were strangers to me and to each other. After I mentioned that I specialize in treating people who stutter, the topic of  “The King’s Speech” came up. A man in his seventy’s mentioned that he had just seen the movie. From the one sentence he said, I realized that he stutters, so I asked him for his reaction to the film. In his reply he answered, “Actually I once stuttered….”. Later, a woman who knows him well told me that she had never before heard him discuss stuttering. In fact, she said that this man hardly ever speaks in a social group setting.  Due to the film, on that evening, this person who still has the remnants of stuttered speech did both. I think that story sums up why I vote for “The King’s Speech” as the best media happening of the decade for people who stutter.

There are some negative aspects of “The King’s Speech”. The movie does mention many of the false beliefs people have that relate to stuttering. It does seem to reinforce the fallacy that stuttering is a symptom of emotional issues. Would that the world knew that fear of speaking is a natural reaction to the difficulty in speaking, and not the other way around! Bertie’s feelings were so normal and appropriate. At the same time, Bertie is a great example of a person attempting to deal with these feelings and overcome his fears in order to function well in his life and role as a King and as a person.

Hopefully most viewers will understand that the therapy techniques shown in the movie are not necessarily accepted today. However, while watching the film, I cried inside, because as a science, stuttering has not progressed nearly enough since those pre-WWII days. People who stutter are still being asked to do things that are sometimes ineffective, sometimes a ridiculous waste of time, and sometimes even detrimental. The shaking, dancing, rhyming, putting marbles in the mouth, and smoking for relaxation that we saw Bertie being asked to do are not techniques used today. However, other techniques that are equally far removed from learning to produce natural automatic speech are still being used. To me, this is a sad and painful state of affairs. The time has come for us to use more than intuition when treating people who stutter. Researchers are doing great work in learning more and more about stuttering. Therapy must incorporate these findings.

The New York Times recently published an article about research in stuttering. In the article they quoted Dr. Ann Smith explaining, “Speaking involves brain areas responsible not only for language, but for hearing, planning, emotion, breathing and movement of the jaw, lips, tongue and neck. While some researchers are considering all these aspects of speaking, most therapies do not consider stuttering as symptom of dysfunctional system. So often, instead of working to change how the brain functions, therapy comes down to learning motor controls or trying not to stutter by doing what Bertie did: bouncing or gliding through words, using light contacts, slightly prolonging sounds, emphasizing speech sounds and pausing after saying a word or two.

There is a science of speaking. It is time that this science guides therapy approaches. Bertie’s speech therapist gave him wonderful emotional support. That, of course, is important to the therapeutic process. However, I believe clients want more than emotional support. They also want to change themselves into people who can speak with ease. This is the best catalyst for becoming a self-confident speaker.

 

Acceptance or Speech Techniques

At the recent National Stuttering Association convention, there were many conversations revolving around the conflict that people who stutter often experience. It is whether to use “speech tools” or accept oneself as a person who will always stutter. When I hear people struggling to decide which path to follow, I so want to tell them that there is an entirely different way, a way of self-acceptance and the ability to speak with easy and natural fluency.

The speech tools and techniques that people falsely believe are their only hope for improving fluency fall under the classification of fluency shaping techniques and ways of modifying stuttering. At best, some of these techniques may reduce the incidence of stuttering at times to some degree. However, even when this happens, most do not lead directly to normal brain function for the production of speech. They require effort, thinking about how to say words, speaking at a measured rate or remembering to stutter purposefully in conversations, just to name a few. It is no wonder that many people who stutter tire of using these artificial techniques in order to control their speech, that they may not realize is already being produced with too much control.

The brain is meant to produce speech automatically, while we concentrate on the ideas that we want to communicate to the listener. Controlling words and trying to get them out interferes with automatically producing speech and leads to the feeling of being out of control as you stutter without being able to prevent it. Using speech tools in addition further reduces the automatic production of speech. Even if stuttering is reduced, the brain is not functioning naturally.

Some people who stutter are so used to using an ineffective neural (brain) network for speaking that they use it even when not consciously controlling their speech. They can learn and experience the neural network that is aligned to the principles of normal speech production. It requires attention, a different intent and repetitive activity. The result is normally fluent speech.

There are options for people who stutter. One option is to accept stuttering and to live a full life as a person who stutters. Another option is to stutter internally with or without stuttered speech as you use tools and techniques not used by normally fluent speakers. The third option is to change the way your brain functions when speaking so that you are speaking normally, naturally, and without effort or control. This change is possible, because it is now known is that even adult brains can change in function and even in structure.

Stuttering- More Than Feelings

Many people who stutter believe that they stutter because of their feelings about themselves and being too concerned with what other people think of them. It cannot be denied that people who stutter often stutter more when they are concerned over how they present themselves or how their speech sounds to others. However, it is important to differentiate between what causes stuttering and what increases stuttering. Making this difference is essential for understanding what stuttering is and for the self-esteem of many people who are sincerely trying to not let their stuttering affect their lives.

I want to make this point, because I have heard many people who stutter say that if they could make themselves care less about stuttering, they would not stutter. The fact that they are still stuttering seems to them to be a failure in their ability to cope emotionally. This is not the case. A person can be the most centered, emotionally intelligent and socially well-adjusted person and still stutter. This is true, because stuttering is a condition that involves so much more than the person’s feelings.

Today researchers are coming up with more and more evidence that the place where speech is created, the brain, is the source of stuttering. Recently new genetic research lead by Dennis Drayna at the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), part of the National Institutes of Health, has shown that at least some people (thought to be 9% of the people who stutter) have a gene mutation, not found in fluent speakers. It turns out that these particular genes are responsible for the production of two enzymes necessary for a metabolic process required by all cells, but that especially affect a group of cells in the brain responsible for speech. Other researchers studying other families have also found indications of mutations in genes of those members of the family who stutter. The relationship of these genes to speaking is not yet clear. However, what we are seeing is that stuttering isn’t simply a question of how the person feels.

For those people who have tried to stop stuttering by changing only their attitude and feelings, it is important to know that stuttering is not only about what you feel inside. Advertising stuttering is good and helpful. Learning to be self-accepting of yourself whether or not you stutter is essential for your personal wellbeing. Being disappointment in yourself and thinking you have failed because you still stutter is self-defeating and misplaced.